A1 Hill is one of the prominent historical sites within the Dien Bien Phu Battlefield National Special Historical Site. A1 Hill holds a sacred and mysterious significance, occupying an extremely important strategic position for observing and controlling the Muong Thanh valley. During the migration of the Thai ethnic group in the 12th century, the leader Lang Chuong chose this as a stopping point to establish a village and establish a settlement, hence the name Lang Chuong Hill. Before 1953, the local people built a temple dedicated to "Saint Tran". When occupying Dien Bien Phu, the French army cut down the banyan tree, demolished the temple, built bunkers, and transformed this hill into one of the important and solid military strongholds, naming it Eliane 2 – after a beautiful French woman. During the Dien Bien Phu campaign, the Campaign Command named this stronghold A1. Here, fierce battles took place for 39 days and nights, with both sides fighting for every inch of land and every meter of trench. More than 2,500 outstanding sons and daughters of the Vietnamese nation sacrificed their lives for the independence and freedom of the country, for the campaign that led to complete victory.

Main attractions include: the incense offering house, the reception house, the location of the broken banyan tree bunker, the counter-attack arrow monument at A1, the tank, the mass grave, the defensive bunker, the French army's covered trenches, and the attack trenches.